Signs and Symptoms of Common Foot Issues
Flat Feet (Pes Planus or Hyperpronation)
Flat Feet is a condition in which the arch or instep of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. Flat feet may be associated with pronation, which is a condition in which the ankle bones lean toward the center line.
Signs and symptoms may include:
- Painful or achy feet, especially in the arch or heel
- Heel tilting away from the midline of the body more than usual
- General pain in the calves, knees, hips or back
High Arch (Pes Cavus or Supinated Foot)
Most people have an arch along the inner side of the foot, leaving a gap between the ground and the foot. Some feet have a higher arch than average. In combination with a higher arch, the ankle may be “rolled” outwards slightly – this is the opposite of a pronated foot. Symptoms may vary from a mild problem with shoe fitting to significant disability
Signs and symptoms may include:
- Development of calluses on the ball, side, or heel of the foot
- Pain when walking, especially over long periods of time
- Lack of balance and instability in the foot
Leg Length Discrepancy
Differences in the length of the leg can be caused by many factors including injuries, surgery, muscle imbalances and poor posture.
Signs and symptoms may include:
- Chronic lower back pain
- Neck and shoulder pain
- Uneven wear in shoes
- A higher hip or shoulder drop
Heel Pain (Plantar Fasciitis)
The plantar fascia is a broad band of fibrous tissue that runs along the bottom surface of the foot, attaching at the bottom of the heel bone and extending to the toes. Plantar Fasciitis is an inflammation caused by excessive stretching of the plantar fascia causing micro-tears in the tissue.
Signs and symptoms may include:
- The first steps of the day are very painful. This may subside with activity but worsen again by the end of the day or after sitting for long periods of time
- The bottom of your foot usually hurts near the inside edge where the heel and arch meet
Forefoot Pain (Metatarsalgia)
Metatarsalgia is a general term to describe a pain at the ball of the foot. With this condition, one or more of the metatarsal heads become painful and/or inflamed, usually due to excessive pressure over a long period of time. Ball-of-foot pain is often caused by poorly fitting footwear, most frequently in women’s dress shoes.
Footwear with a narrow toe box causes the ball-of-foot area to be squeezed into an unnatural shape, restricting movement of the bones of the forefoot and leading to extreme discomfort.</p
Signs and symptoms may include:
- Pain is worse when bearing weight and may feel like there is a stone in the shoe
- There may be some callus formation at the site of the pain
- Pain at the ball of the foot, usually after standing or walking over long periods of time

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